Forms Of Public Participation Research Articles

Forms of organization of people as a primary stage in relations with the state

The article analyzes the legal and organizational foundations of interaction between public authorities and people. Local self-government is considered as a modern and most important form of organizing the activities of people, since it is the type of public authority closest to the population and is designed to solve issues of local importance in a particular territory. The subject of the study is the problems of interaction between public authorities and people due to the fact that at the present stage in our country there is an urgent demand for direct participation of people in solving issues of local importance, since active participation of people in the field is necessary to solve national issues. The methodological basis was general scientific and special research methods: formal legal, systemic, comparative legal analysis. For example, the formal legal method made it possible to analyze the main forms of local self-government, and the comparative legal method helped to conduct a comparative analysis of the forms of direct implementation of local self-government and forms of public participation in the implementation of local self-government. The purpose of the work is achieved by identifying and analyzing current problems of interaction between public authorities and people. Result of the research that not all forms of interaction between public authorities and people are equally effective. Some of them are outdated. The article concludes that there is a need for priority interaction of public authorities with people to resolve issues of local importance, as well as that it is the forms of organization of people that are the primary link in relations with the state. The authorities need to involve people in the development of territories and solving problems, interacting in various forms and implementing the most successful practices of the regions everywhere.

Citizen science “from the margins”: epistemologies of ignorance in the Movement of Women with Endometriosis in Mexico

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes, from the perspective of feminist epistemologies of ignorance, the case of Endometriosis México: an association of women with endometriosis that denounces different types of ignorance produced around their disease. I examine how the unveiling and analysis of the production of ignorance has become a central element of their struggle and the driving force behind the creation of new knowledge. This is a case of citizen science made “from the margins” that does not fit the typical citizen science instrumental or democratic discourse. In this sense, it proposes new directions for discussing public participation in science and technology. The work accounts for the process of production of ignorance identified by the Association in the light of three forms suggested by Nancy Tuana: (i) “knowing that we do not know, but not caring to know,” (ii) “we do not even know that we do not know,” and (iii) “they do not want us to know.” I propose a citizen science “from the margins” as a form of public participation in science and technology based on an epistemology of ignorance.

Community Participation in the Implementation of Regional Government in Indonesia

In carrying out their duties, Regional Governments generally carry out their work for the benefit of the community. However, sometimes the work of the local government does not always follow the needs of the community itself. Therefore, the community can then participate in the implementation of Regional Government. This research then aims to see how participation from the community can be carried out in the implementation of regional government. This research will be carried out using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data used in this study comes from various previous studies and studies regarding community participation in local government. The results of this study then found that community participation has been regulated explicitly in the Regional Government Law. In this Law, it is explained that the regional government needs to involve the community in the planning process as well as in the implementation of development. The form of public participation in government administration follows the principles contained in good governance.

Early 1960s Public Library Activity in the Penza Region

In the course of attracting the public to the work of cultural institutions in the context of building a communist society in the Penza Region, libraries were created on a voluntary basis since 1961. Public libraries in the USSR were a form of Public participation in cultural and educational work, the popularization of books, and library management. The study of the formation of a network of libraries on a voluntary basis at the regional level allows you to recreate an objective picture of the daily life of the population within the indicated chronological framework; supplement historical knowledge of the content and forms of activity of the authorities and the public to improve the cultural and educational level of citizens.
 The study of the practice of libraries on a voluntary basis in the early 1960s. in the Penza Region made it possible to identify the main trends and difficulties in the development of such a form of providing books to the Soviet population, to determine the vector of the subsequent study of the scientific problem.

CITIZEN LAWSUIT: PELINDUNG HAK KONSTITUSIONAL DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA

The 1945 Constitution established constitutional rights for citizens and emphasized the need for public participation to safeguard these rights. Citizen lawsuits serve as a form of public participation, but the absence of a legal basis in Indonesia has created uncertainty in their implementation. This study aims to examine the mechanism of citizen lawsuits within the Indonesian legal system, presenting it as a juridical alternative for protecting citizens' constitutional rights. The author utilized a normative legal research method with a qualitative and case-based approach through literature review. Citizen lawsuits enable citizens to take legal action against state officials who have neglected their rights. Courts have relied on jurisprudence and guidelines for handling environmental cases, such as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Decree Number 36/KMA/SK/II/2013. Unlawful acts falling under the executive's jurisdiction serve as the subject of citizen lawsuits. Research on various citizen lawsuit cases demonstrates their effectiveness in defending citizens' constitutional rights. However, financial and knowledge limitations pose obstacles. Financial challenges can be addressed through community collaborations, pooling resources. To overcome knowledge limitations in filing citizen lawsuits, a dedicated regulation outlining the mechanism should be established.

Civil society as a subject of the formation of the veterans reintegration system

The article examines the peculiarities of interaction between state authorities and civil society organizations in the context of the formation of a system of reintegration of veterans. Special attention is focused on the analysis of legal aspects of interaction between civil society and the government. The generalized experience of theoretical research on the problem of defining civil society as a subject of interaction with state authorities is presented. Effective forms of interaction of cooperation subjects have been determined. The basic model of bilateral interaction between civil society and state authorities in the system of reintegration of veterans is presented. The purpose of the article is to determine the place of civil society as a subject of interaction in the system of state policy on the reintegration of veterans. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are to be solved: clarify and specify the conceptual apparatus of the research problem based on the study of leading scientific experience and normative acts; determine the main legal forms of civil society interaction with state authorities in the system of reintegration of veterans; analyze the level of influence of civil society on decision-making depending on the form of public participation and, based on this, propose a model of the system of reintegration of veterans, in which civil society acts as an active subject of interaction. In the course of the research, the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization and the modeling method were used. The scientific novelty of the research lies in revealing the role of civil society in the implementation of the policy of reintegration of veterans in today's conditions. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of a two-way model of interaction between civil society and the state in the formation of a system of reintegration of veterans. The conclusions confirm the importance of defining civil society as a subject in the formation of the system of reintegration of veterans, and define the prospects for further research.

Planning Around Polarisation: Components of Finding Common Ground Based on Regeneration Projects in London and Gdańsk

Various forms of public participation in urban design and planning—as presented and discussed in literature—have recently been challenged by the needs and expectations of different stakeholders, including those coming from the private sector. This comes with a redefinition of the public good and the roles and responsibilities of municipal authorities in post-liberal times. As a result, contemporary participatory processes need to evolve to accommodate not only the wishes and ideas of the local communities, but also those of institutional stakeholders including investors, developers and land owners. This is also accompanied by the demands, expressed by all partners in this process, associated with having a much stronger influence on the final shape of the development policies and planning regulations. The gradual democratisation of spatial planning results in more engagement of stakeholders in the process. The article focuses on the co-design method as a way to bridge the polarisation of interests and find a consensus. The article focuses on identifying co-design components leading to the successful bridging of divisions and the realisation of large-scale regeneration initiatives that could be replicated. The authors have selected examples of large-scale regeneration areas in London and Gdańsk for a qualitative assessment, given the growing polarisation in both Polish and British societies. The discussion will focus on aspects of inclusivity, partnership working in co-design and political risks associated with co-design.

On crowns, caravans and windmills: Commentary on an essay by Turcotte P., et al.

Patient-oriented research (POR) is a trend that has emerged over several decades and is particularly prominent in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. It involves patient and other stakeholder participation in the planning, conduct and dissemination of biomedical and health services research and it can be seen as a form of public participation and engagement in activities that affect the lives and well-being of communities. Criticisms of POR revolve around its susceptibility to tokenistic treatment of patient participants and paternalistic dominance of the research agenda by professional researchers, academics and clinicians. This commentary addresses one such critique by situating the POR agenda within the challenges and dilemmas faced by the health-related research enterprise over the past 30 years. It will explore the interface between POR, community activism and community-based participatory research. The contextual importance of the COVID-19 pandemic experience is stressed. The commentary will particularly focus on the US-based Patient Centred Outcomes Research Institute, its origins within a movement to enhance emphasis on publicly funded comparative effectiveness research, and its more recent evolution in the direction of community empowerment in POR.

Issues of public participation in the management of urban space development

The subject of the study is public participation in solving issues of urban environment development. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as: the role, significance and benefits of public participation in urban planning, forms of public participation in the development of the urban environment and factors that positively affect the level of involvement of residents, as well as restrictions on participation. The author notes that effective interaction between authorities and the population can help to qualitatively identify the main problems and tasks of management in the field of urban environment development, identify the needs of local communities, public sentiment and in the future minimize urban conflicts.The author's contribution to the research of the topic is to conduct a survey of residents in the city of Tyumen to study their readiness to participate in solving issues of urban environment development. The survey of respondents showed that more than half of the respondents are interested in participating in urban planning and landscaping. The survey also revealed the main reasons limiting participation, such as: uncertainty that the opinion of residents will be taken into account and will affect the final decision, misunderstanding of the forms and methods of participation. The difference between the real and potential activity of residents in relation to the improvement of their yard, area of residence is revealed. The factors that can contribute to an increase in the share of citizens participating in urban development and improvement projects are highlighted.

Peran Lembaga Dalam Memberdayakan Masyarakat Berbasis Pengembangan Sumber Daya Alam

This study aims to analyze the role of LMDH in improving public welfare through natural tourism to determine the norms established by LMDH, find out the forms of public participation, and the results of LMDH empowerment in improving welfare through natural tourism. This research is qualitative research using the descriptive method. The techniques used in this research are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out by reducing data and interpreting logic connected to the context of public empowerment. The results showed that public empowerment, which has been done by LMDH through natural tourism, was strengthening human resources and developing natural resources. The strengthening of human resources with the provision of administrative materials, technical materials, and motivation to have skills and natural resource development. The empowerment results include the emergence of awareness to develop existing potential, increase public income, open business opportunities, and carry out social activities well.

Territorial self-government in Russia as a national model of public participation in the exercise of public authority

Territorial self-government (TSG) is one of those institutions of Russian law that emerged in the process of transformation of socialist state law into contemporary constitutional and municipal law. However, it was not accepted by the national laws of a significant part of the former USSR states-republics, which used other forms of institutionalization of local communities. The legal nature of TSG is still a subject of controversy in Russian legal science. This article proposes a new approach to the description of legally significant properties of TSG in Russia through their comparison with similar or related institutions of other national legal systems: territorial self-government, public councils in municipalities, other national models of TSG (Republic of Belarus). This helped to distinguish between generic and specific characteristics of TSG and to draw a reasonable conclusion about the national (specific) features of TSG in Russia. The author pays special attention to differentiating the properties of public and citizens’ power, forms of direct democracy and forms of public participation. The author suggests possible ways of TSG development in Russia and the corresponding directions for improving legislation that correlate with the legal nature of TSG and its features, in particular, determining the procedure for TSG participation in the development and implementation of municipal strategic planning documents.

Concept and forms of public participation in lawmaking in Ukraine

Concept and forms of public participation in lawmaking in Ukraine

The impact of the pattern resulting from the European Charter of Local Self-Government on the institution of public consultation in Poland

The purpose of this article is to indicate the impact of the pattern resulting from the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government on the institution of public consultation in Poland. This form of public participation, optional as to its results, has been present in polish legal culture for many years, while the author found it necessary to examine the above pattern with Polish legal provisions on public consultation.

Public control over the activities of local government bodies under the conditions of marital state

The article analyzes the peculiarities of public control over the activities of local self-government bodies during the war. The definition of the concept of «public control» has been clarified, as well as the subjects of implementation of this control. The importance of the functioning of the institution of local self-government in the conditions of martial law due to the performance of a number of functions that are directly related to the vital activities of the community has been established. In particular, it is about rebuilding the destroyed infrastructure, providing the population with food products, organizing the educational process, registering internally displaced persons, ensuring the operation of public transport, etc. At the same time, wartime conditions dictate certain legislative obstacles in the implementation of public control. In particular, the work of deputy commissions and local councils may take place in a closed format and, accordingly, their draft decisions may not be made public. In addition, information contained in public electronic registers may temporarily become inaccessible to citizens. An analysis of the legal forms of direct community participation in solving issues of local importance, such as: local referendum, general assembly, local initiative, public hearings, was carried out. It is also mentioned about other forms of public participation in the process of activities of local self-government bodies, in particular voter assignments to their local council members, citizens' appeals, the number of which has increased significantly in recent times, consultative surveys on the needs and interests of the community. Conclusions were made about the importance of maintaining and developing the relationship between the community and local self-government bodies in extremely difficult times. It is determined that these can be remote meetings, online consultations and any other forms of implementation of legal tools, taking into account security rules.

Pranata Hukum Perbankan Syari’ah Dalam Sistem Perbankan Nasional di Indonesia

The development of Islamic banks as part of the Islamic economic system in Indonesia can be said to be late compared to other countries where the majority of the population is Muslim. However, the sharia banking legal system is strong and parallel to other conventional banking. If there is a dispute resolution problem for Islamic banks according to the Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012, they can use 2 (two) channels, namely litigation and non-litigation. The litigation route for resolving disputes over sharia banks is the absolute authority of the religious courts, while the non-litigation path of the parties can make choices not only as specified in the Elucidation of Article 55 paragraph (2) of Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking but can also take alternative others in accordance with the agreed contract. Supervision of the implementation of Sharia Banking, apart from being carried out internally, is also carried out by independent supervisory institutions, namely the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS) and the National Sharia Council (DSN) which have the task of maintaining sharia banking towards an ideal situation and protect the Muslims. In addition, as a form of public participation, all Muslims have an obligation to supervise both directly and indirectly as a vehicle for admonishing ma'ruf nahi munkar to the implementation of sharia banking as the lifeblood of the Islamic economy.

Commitment and Organizational Maturity: The Case of Partnership Between Sugarcane Farmers and Sugar Mills

Partnerships and other forms of public participation in decision-making have become central to policy-making. The phenomenon of the limitation of sugar factories in obtaining supplies of raw sugarcane, because they do not have their land or limited land, has led to a partnership relationship between sugar factories and sugarcane farmers as a solution. The focus of this article is to visualize sub-contract partnerships in the smallholder sugarcane sector from the initial process to the impact of the partnership, by adopting from the perspective of the partnership model of Boeck and Wamba, between The Lestari Sugar Factory partnership with the Sugarcane Farmers Group in Kertosono, Nganjuk Regency, Indonesia. In this analytical descriptive study, using a case survey method, data was collected with a qualitative approach to observation, semi-structured interviews, and document review. The results of the study show that organizational maturity contributes to the partnership loyalty of smallholder sugarcane farmer groups, but in the perspective of Boeck and Wamba, the results of the collaboration have not been optimal because there are still differences of opinion between the two parties in terms of profit sharing. The findings of the study suggest that to increase the loyalty of smallholder sugarcane farmer’s group partnership with Lestari Sugar Factory, a commitment is needed to increase the people’s sugarcane purchase price and the need to improve the cooperation agreement by completing the sanctions element for sugarcane farmers who do not provide sugarcane raw materials according to the agreement

Дифференциация типов общественного участия в социальных исследованиях

The article discusses approaches to the allocation of various types of public participation. Based on the field of activity, public participation is divided into political and non-political activity. Activity lines allow classifying public participation according to certain activities. The scale of actions sets levels of public participation. Various forms of public participation allow subdividing actions into certain activities. Measuring the intensity of social activity focuses on the efforts of participants to achieve the goal. The nature of public participation lies in the distribution of activity, based on the conventionality and radical nature of actions.

Participatory communication in South African municipal government

The South African Municipal Systems Act (2000) directs South Africa’s municipalities to ensurethat it uses IDP processes as a form of public participation in its affairs. This qualitative study wasconducted in Jouberton Township in the Matlosana local municipality, North West Province, toassess the extent to which participatory communication takes place in municipal IDP processes.Using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, thestudy found that community members were passive participators in municipal IDP processes inwhich their involvement was limited to being informed about what would happen or had alreadyhappened. Dialogue was facilitated through a top-down modernisation-based approach, andno evidence emerged of community empowerment in decision making regarding developmentprojects. The findings suggest a need for the application of bottom-up participatory communicationand “empowered” participation during municipal IDP processes. They also suggest a need forfurther research on how “participation as an end” can be theorised in line with participatorycommunication in a complex municipal system that already requires “participation as a means”to achieve certain goals.

Role of Political Memes on Social Media in Criticizing Political Policy in the United States 2016-2019

Purpose - This paper seek to determine the role of political-themed memes on social media in criticizing political policies in the United States (US) in 2016–2019. This period was beginning with the 2016 US presidential election and continuing through Donald Trump's presidency. The use of memes has become a popular medium for expressing US public opinion on policies and political issues that occur in the US. Expression of opinion in the form of praise, support, or criticism was channelled through memes that are created and disseminated on social media. The method used was qualitative, with data sources from books, journals, and official US media. Findings - this study describes memes as an alternative means of representing US public opinion in a light and interesting way. However, the use of memes can only be used as a form of taking a stance on the development of political situations and policies through social media. Novelty - Political instruments that have developed in the midst of digital technology have been an important factor in political discourse in a country. This can provide input for the government and policy makers to take into account the development of discourse on digital media as a form of public participation.

Tech Ethics Through Trust Auditing

The public’s trust in the technology sector is waning and, in response, technology companies and state governments have started to champion “tech ethics”. That is, they have pledged to design, develop, distribute, and employ new technologies in an ethical manner. In this paper, I observe that tech ethics is already subject to a widespread pathology in that technology companies, the primary executors of tech ethics, are incentivized to pursue it half-heartedly or even disingenuously. Next, I highlight two emerging strategies which might be used to combat this problem, but argue that both are subject to practical limitations. In response, I suggest an additional way of augmenting the practice of tech ethics. This is to employ “trust audits,” a new form of public participation in the socio-technical environment. In the remainder of the paper, I offer a description of how trust audits work, what they might look like in practice, and how they can fit in alongside those other strategies for improving tech ethics.